URBAN & ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY (UEP) 301
URBAN POLICY AND POLITICS
Spring 2008
Professor Peter Dreier
TuTh 10-11:30 a.m. Office hours: Th 3-5 pm
UEPI seminar room and by appointment
What This Course is About
This is a seminar/discussion course about America's urban crisis -- and what we can do about it. It is also a course in policy analysis -- evaluating different public policies in terms of their effectiveness. It is also a course in American politics -- examining how political conflicts over ideas and interests influences policy regarding cities.
Many politicians, candidates, journalists, business leaders, and philanthropists frequently express concern about the "urban crisis." They hold hearings, issue reports, write articles, and fund research about what caused the crisis and what to do about it. Are other cities, like L.A in 1992., ticking time bombs, waiting to explode? Are the problems facing American cities -- poverty, homelessness, high levels of infant mortality, racial segregation, traffic gridlock, pollution, etc. -- solvable?
There's been a great deal of research and writing about urban problems in the past few years. Most of the readings for this course draw on up-to-date research and thinking. But many of the urban problems we face today have been around for some time. People have been thinking about urban problems for many years. We can learn a great deal from the urban thinkers of the past as well.
The major questions addressed in this seminar include the following:
1. As the U.S. has changed, so has the shape, function, and number of cities and metropolitan areas. How have these changes come about? How and why did the suburbs grow, especially after World War 2? What's the difference between cities and suburbs? Are they growing more alike or more apart? How has the physical shape of metropolitan areas -- its architecture, roads, residential areas, open spaces, factories, stores, offices, neighborhoods, downtowns – changed? What impact have these changes had on how people live their lives?
2. Are there certain "urban" characteristics -- economic, social, political, psychological -- common to all cities and metropolitan areas? What is meant by the term "urban crisis?" Does it affect all urban areas in the same way? How has the distribution of wealth and power in the larger society influenced the economic, social, and physical conditions of cities and metro areas? What are the causes of urban poverty and racial segregation?
3. Should there be a national urban policy designed to help rebuild cities? Or should there simply be policies to help individuals wherever they happen to live? What approaches have been tried? What works? What has failed? Why? How do we assess proposals to deal with our urban problems? We'll look at such issues as poverty and employment, housing and homelessness, public health, transportation and environment, racial segregation and discrimination, and others. What are the current policy debates regarding these and other issues?
4. What role do cities play in our national political life? (This is often called "the politics of urban policy"). How are cities governed? (This is often called "urban politics"). Who runs our cities? Business? Local politicians? Neighborhood groups? Developers? Unions? No one? What are the different ways that cities and metro areas are governed? What difference does it make?
5. Do cities in other countries have the same problems? Why or why not? Even if we find some common characteristics, we also know that L.A. has a quality about it that differs from Boston; that Paris is hardly the same as Nairobi; that Beijing is quite different from Mexico City; that San Diego is very different from San Francisco. How do we account for these differences? What can we learn from these differences to help address the problems facing American cities?
Course Requirements
Your grade will be based on the following:
1. One-third your grade will be based on your class participation. This is a seminar course. Its success depends on class discussions. Students are expected to do the readings on time and participate in class discussions. When doing the reading, think about the issues you want to discuss in class. Most of the readings are short articles from newspapers and magazines with little or no technical jargon. Some readings are more difficult and will take more time to digest. I encourage students to debate and disagree -- but to do so based on information and evidence as well as your own values.
2. One-third of your grade will be based on written assignments. You will be assigned a number of short (3 to 4 page) papers, based primarily on the readings. These include book reviews, policy analyses, newspaper editorials, and others. All papers should be typed, double-spaced. Proofread your papers. Check for correct spelling, punctuation, grammar. Put your names on the first page. Cite your sources in the essay (Author: Page Number) and in the bibliography (Author, Title, Publisher, Date). Examples or statistics should be used to illustrate your major points, not as a substitute for critical analysis. A few assignments will require you to work in groups.
3. One-third of your grade will be based a research project done in collaboration with UNITE HERE (the union representing hotel, food service, and garment workers) and the Los Angeles Alliance for a New Economy (LAANE, a nonprofit research, policy, and advocacy group). I will explain more about this project in class. In the meantime, please learn more about UNITE HERE and its LA affiliate, Local 11, and LAANE by looking at their respective websites: http://www.unitehere.org; http://www.herelocal11.org; and http://www.laane.org.
Books to Purchase
You should purchase the following paperback books, available at the college bookstore:
o Kozol, Savage Inequalities
o Bernstein, All Together Now
o Dreier, Mollenkopf & Swanstrom, Place Matters: Metropolitics for the 21st Century (2nd edition)
o Nivola, Laws of the Landscape
o Massey & Denton, American Apartheid: Segregation & the Making of the Underclass
Web Readings
Most of the readings for this source will be found on the website for UEP 301. You can get there by going to the Oxy library website. The course readings to be found on the website are marked with an asterisk (*). It is each student’s responsibility to get these readings from the website. Please download them so you can mark them up as well as bring them to class. There are many separate articles from magazines, newspapers, journals and other sources, so it may take time to download them each week. Make sure you have sufficient time to do this.
Films
You should view two films – “Sicko” and “Who Killed the Electric Car?” – on your own time. Both are available at the Library reference desk under this course. The deadlines for watching this film are listed in the syllabus.
I would also encourage you to go to the Library and view some of the following films that are relevant to the topics in the course. I’ve listed those here:
"Hull House: The House that Jane Built" (documentary about the first wave of urban social reform at the turn of the 20th century)
“The Times of Harvey Milk" (documentary on the rise of gay politics in San Francisco)
“Bread and Roses” (feature film about the “justice for janitors” campaign in LA)
"City of Hope" (a feature film, directed by John Sayles, about urban politics)
"Do The Right Thing" (Spike Lee's film about the Brooklyn ghetto)
"Taken for a Ride" (documentary about America's love affair with the automobile)
“Home Economics" (documentary about daily life in the LA suburbs)
“Is Wal-Mart Good for America?” (documentary about the impact of the world’s largest corporation on our communities)
“Who Killed the Electric Car?” (documentary about business’ efforts to undermine
production and sales of an energy-efficient car)
“Building Hope” (documentary about the history and track record of community development
corporations)
“Holding Ground: The Rebirth of Dudley Street” (documentary about successful community
organizing in a low-income neighborhood of Boston)
Web Sites
The internet is a great way of connecting to the larger worlds of public policy. There are thousands of web sites that deal with social issues and thousands of advocacy organizations and political networks that have their own web sites. Here are several key sites with which you should be familiar. I encourage you to bookmark them so you can find them easily.
1. Brookings Institution Metropolitan Policy Program (http://www.brookings.edu/metro.aspx), the Urban Institute (http://www.urban.org), and the Center for Budget and Policy Priorities (http://www.cbpp.org) are three outstanding research and policy centers focusing on urban issues. These websites are constantly being updated with new reports on a diversity of issues -- housing, transportation, welfare, banking, segregation, poverty, and other topics.
2. Community Organizing and Development (http://comm‑org.wisc.edu) -- This site is a link with hundreds of groups involved in urban community development. If you want to find out what groups are working on different urban issues, this is the site. It also has many articles and reports on urban community development and community organizing.
3. Campaign for America’s Future (http://www.ourfuture.org), the Economic Policy Institute (http://www.epinet.org), and the Center for American Progress (http://www.americanprogress.org) – These sites are a goldmine of policy ideas and data about economic and social policy from a liberal/progressive perspective. Similar organizations from a conservative perspective include the Cato Institute (http://www.cato.org), the Heritage Foundation (http://www.heritage.org), and the American Enterprise Institute (http://www.aei.org).
4. The Center for Neighborhood Technology (http://www.cnt.org), the National Housing Institute (www.nhi.org), Planners Network (http://www.plannersnetwork.org), Civic Practices Network (http://www.cpn.org ), and Citistates (http://www.citistates.com ) all focus on innovative research and programs that strengthen urban neighborhoods and metropolitan areas. Each site has links to many other resources about particular issues, programs, cities, and metropolitan areas. Two magazines – Shelterforce (http://www.nhi.org/online) and City Limits (http://www.citylimits.org) – provide examples of interesting urban politics and policy from a liberal/progressive perspective. City Journal (http://www.city-journal.org), published by the Manhattan Institute, provides interesting articles on urban issues from a conservative perspective.
5. The U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development has a web site (http://www.hud.gov) with information about its programs, policies, data bases, and many links. More useful for this course is HUD's Office of Policy Development & Research (http://www.huduser.org) which has lots of information about housing and urban problems, studies and publications, and available data. You reach can the HUD library, with many reports and publications about cities and housing problems, here.
6. The Center for Community Research and Solutions
http://www.unitedwayla.org/getinformed/rr/Pages/default.aspx
This organization, sponsored by the United Way, collects and issues reports on various social and economic problems facing the Los Angeles area, including housing, poverty, homelessness, health care, hunger, and others. It is a great resource for finding out what studies have been done about LA. Look under “Social Reports” section.
7. Neighborhood Planning: http://www.neighborhoodplanning.org. This is a wonderful website about what makes cities and communities livable. It looks at neighborhoods (and neighborhood planning) from the point of view of planning tools for housing, transportation, schools, economic development, public safety, and other issues. It also has a section on the “heroes” of community planning - some of the most important figures in the history of planning, architecture, organizing, and other topics.
Newspapers, Magazines and Journals
Students are expected to read at least one daily newspaper -- the LA Times, the New York Times, or the Wall Street Journal -- on a regular basis. When an article appears in one of these papers that relates to the topics in the course, bring it up in class. There are also many magazines -- such as The Neighborhood Works, Governing, and Planning -- targeted to urban practitioners and policymakers. The best sources for following national politics are Washington Post Weekly and National Journal. You should also become familiar with the major journals that focus on urban problems and policies. In the Library, peruse these publications to see what scholars and practitioners are saying. The major journals include Urban Affairs Quarterly, Journal of the American Planning Association, Journal of Urban Affairs, and National Civic Review.. Other relevant journals include Social Work, Social Policy, Challenge, and American Demographics.
TOPICS AND READINGS
(Readings preceded by an *asterisk are available on-line.
NYT = New York Times. LAT = Los Angeles Times).
PART I: INTRODUCTION
1. Politics and Policy Are About Values and Choices
Personal Values (Tuesday, January 22)
"Looking for Housing" exercise
Social Choices (Thursday, January 24)
Kozol, Savage Inequalities (entire book)
2. Los Angeles: The Widening Divide and the Movement for Justice
Background on UNITE HERE/LAANE Research Project (Tuesday, January 29)
Films: “Struggles and Victories” (LA County Federation of Labor, 2007) and “I Am A
Human Being/Soy Un Ser Humano” (LAANE, 2006)
Downtown LA (brochure from LA Tourism and Visitors Bureau) - handout
*Institutional Food Service: Factsheet”
*”Workers Rally in Financial District for Better Conditions...” (UNITE HERE, Aug. 9, 2007)
*Elan, “NY Protest Portends More Union Activity Aimed at On-Site Accounts” (Nation’s Restaurant News, August 27, 2007)
*”Workers and Supporters March on Aramark’s World Headquarters...” (UNITE HERE, Nov. 15, 2007)
*”New Report Exposes Problems in Contracted Food Service Industry...” (UNITE HERE, Nov. 30, 2007)
*Gonzalez, “Strike Continues for Aramark Workers” (NY Daily News, Dec. 21, 2007)
*”Compass Said to Win House of Representatives Contract” (Nation’s Restaurant News, Nov. 27, 2007)
*Berry, “Aramark’s No-Bid Deal at End” (Arizona Republic, July 6, 2007)
*Ruby, “Aramark Sits Down with UNC Workers” (Daily Tar Heel, April 25, 2005)
*Fenske, “Eating It Up: Are HISD and Aramark Cooking the Books to Feast on Federal Breakfast
Subsidies? (Houston Press, Nov. 4, 2004)
*Namako, “Aramark’s Food Feud” (Philadelphia City Paper, Nov. 20, 2007)
LA: Poverty Amid Affluence (Thursday, January 31)
A Tale of Two Cities (United Way of Greater Los Angeles, 2003) – handout
Poverty, Jobs, and the Los Angeles Economy (LAANE, 2007) – handout
*Economic Footprint of Unions in LA (Economic Roundtable, 2007)
*Miller, “Wealthiest Angelenos: Fortunes Favorite” (LA Business Journal, May 28, 2007)
*Cooper, “The Two Worlds of Los Angeles” (Nation, August 21, 2000)
3. Two Approaches to Public Policy: YOYO vs. WITT
(On your own time, watch the Michael Moore film, “Sicko,” available on reserve in the library, before the February 5 class)
What are the Choices? (Tuesday, February 5)
Bernstein, All Together Now (pages 1-59)
*Gladwell, “The Moral Hazard Myth: Why Our Health Care System Doesn’t Work” (New Yorker, August 29, 2005)
*Lindorff, “GM’s Health Care Double Standard” (In These Times, April 27, 2005)
*Reid, “The European Social Model” (in The United States of Europe, 2004)
*Capell, “The French Lesson in Health Care” (Business Week, July 9, 2007)
*Girion, “Europe Healthier Than U.S.” (LAT, Oct. 2, 2007)
What are the Politics? (Thursday, February 7)
Bernstein, All Together Now (pages 60-134)
*Hook, “Democrats Calculate Risks on Taxing the Rich” (LAT, Nov 2, 2007)
*Pear, “GOP Leaders Fight Expansion of Children’s Health Insurance” (NYT, July 25, 2007)
*Toner, “2008 Candidates Vow to Overhaul US Health Care” (NYT, July 6, 2007)
*Alonso-Zaldivar and Hook, “Voters Favor Democratic Ideas to Mend Healthcare” (LAT, Oct. 25, 2007
*Mintz, “Single-Payer: Good for Business” (The Nation, November 15, 2004)
*Hayes, “Michael Moore’s Sicko,” (Nation, July 16/23, 2007)
*Gratzer, “Unhealthy Policies” (Weekly Standard, June 18, 2007)
*Krugman, “One Nation, Uninsured” (NY Times, June 13, 2005)
*Krugman, “A Healthy New Year” (NY Times, January 1, 2007)
*Frank, “A Health Care Plan So Simple, Even Stephen Colbert Couldn’t Simplify It” (NYT, Feb. 15, 2007)
*Kuttner, “Canadian Drugs Aren’t the Cure” (Boston Globe, Aug. 18, 2004)
PART II. WHAT MAKES CITIES LIVABLE?
4. Comparing U.S. and Foreign Cities
Economic and Social Conditions (Tuesday, February 12)
*Dreier, “The United States in Comparative Perspective: Measures of Social and Economic Well-being (Contexts, August 2007)
*Wilson, “When Work Disappears” (NYT Magazine, August 18, 1996)
*Hamilton, "325 Dreams Shattered by Plant Closing" (LAT, December 19, 1994)
*Cavnar, “Downtown Dreams” (Continental, December 2004)
*Richardson, “Boyle Heights Seeks Balance Amid Change” (LAT, July 24, 2005)
*Goldman, “A Hidden Advantage for Some Job Seekers” (LAT, Nov. 28, 1997)
*Belluck, “New Wave of the Homeless Floods Cities’ Shelters” (NYT, Dec. 18, 2001)
*Nieves, “In Famously Tolerant City, Impatience with Homeless” (NYT, Jan. 18, 2002)
*Blankstein and Winton, “13 Die in Four Days of Violence” (LAT, Nov. 19, 2002)
*Butterfield, "Study Links Violence Rate to Cohesion of Community" (NYT, Aug. 17, 1997)
*"Toronto and Detroit" (Economist, May 19, 1990)
*Ibrahim, "To French, Solidarity Outweighs Balanced Budget" (NYT, Dec. 20, 1995)
*Smith, “France Has an Underclass, But Its Roots Are Still Shallow” (NYT, Nov. 6, 2005)
*Francis, “It’s Better to to Poor in Norway Than in the US” (Christian Science Monitor,
April 14, 2005).
*Walljasper, "Denmark: What Works?” (Nation. January 26, 1998)
*Hall, "How Foreign Cities Cope" (The World & I, June 1991)
Environmental and Physical Conditions (Thursday, February 14)
*Lennard and Lennard, “Principles of True Urbanism” (2005) http://www.livablecities.org/TrueUrbanism.htm
*Greenhouse, "Why Paris Works" (NYT Magazine, July 19, 1992)
*Fausset, “Letting Imaginations Run Wild About a Future LA” (LAT, January 16, 2006)
*Kelley, “Ventura’s Manager Demands Smart Growth: Profile of Rick Cole (LAT, Jan. 9, 2006)
*Downes, “The Suburban Life: A Gathering of Neighbors” (NYT, Sept. 30, 2007)
*Mahler, “The Soul of the New Exurb” (NYT Magazine, March 27, 2005)
*Mena, “Still Something Between Them” (LAT, Nov 21, 2004)
*Hawthorne, “Stepping Out” (West Magazine, Sept. 16, 2007)
*Hinshaw, “Great Neighborhoods” (Planning, January 2008)
*Jordan, “Branching Out: Neighborhood Libraries” (Governing, October 2001)
*Gowda, “Whose Garden Is It?” (Governing, March 2002)
*Tobar, “Housing Laws No Cure for Slums’ Ills” (LAT, July 20, 1997)
*Barringer, “California Air is Clearer, But Troubles Remain” (NYT, Aug 3, 2005)
*Willon, "As Inland Empire Grows, Freeway Commute Slows" (LAT, Oct. 30, 2001)
*Sanchez and Brenman, “The Right to Transportation,” Planning, January 2008
*Selvin, "The View From the European Bus" (LAT, Aug. 15, 1999)
*Simons, "Amsterdam Plans Wide Limit on Cars" (NYT, Jan. 28, 1993)
*James, “Eco-cities – the Next Swedish Export” (Planning, May 2002)
5. How Public Policies Shape Cities in Europe and America
How the U.S. Differs from Europe (Tuesday, February 19)
Nivola, Laws of the Landscape (entire book)
U.S. Urban Policy and its Consequences (Thursday, February 21)
Dreier, Mollenkopf, and Swanstrom, Place Matters (Chapter 4)
*Saltzstein, “The Social and Economic Structure of American Cities” (from Governing America’s Urban Areas, 2003)
*Katz, “Six Ways Cities Can Reach Their Economic Potential” (Brookings Institution, 2006) http://www.brook.edu/metro/pubs/20061002_economicpotential.pdf
*Dreier and Rothstein, "Seismic Stimulus: The California Quake's Creative Destruction" (American Prospect, Summer 1994)
*Romney, “Jobs Program a Model of Success” (LAT, Dec. 12, 2001)
*Dreier, “Katrina and Power in America” (Urban Affairs Review, March 2006)
Assignment: Go to the National Priorities Project website. This website examines the impact of federal spending priorities on states, cities, and communities. Go to the Tradeoffs page (http://www.nationalpriorities.org/tradeoffs) and the Cost of War page (http://www.nationalpriorities.org/costofwar_home) and look up your state, your
city or town, and your Congressional district. Bring with you to class your findings
about how federal spending impacts where you live.
PART 11I: THREE MAJOR FACTORS SHAPING URBAN LIFE:
INEQUALITY, RACISM, AND SUBURBANIZATION
6. Inequality and Poverty
The Magnitude and Concentration of Inequality and Poverty (Tuesday, Feb. 26)
Dreier, Mollenkopf, and Swanstrom, Place Matters (Preface; Chapters 1 and 2)
*Mohan, “Though Far from Poor, A Family Struggles Daily” (LAT, May 18, 2004)
*”Inequality in America: The Rich, The Poor, the the Growing Gap Between Them” (The Economist, June 17, 2006)
*Johnston, “Report Says the Rich are Getting Richer Faster, Much Faster” (NYT, Dec. 15, 2007)
*Sing, “Families Strain to Make Do, Study Finds” (LAT, Sept. 28, 2005)
*Making Ends Meet: How Much Does It Cost to Raise a Family in California? (California Budget Project, October 2007)
*Lacter, “Vanishing Point: Can A City Survive Without a Middle Class?” (LA Magazine, October 2006)
*Smeeding, Rainwater, and Burtless, "U.S. Poverty in Cross-National Perspective" (Focus, Spring 2001)
*Wolff, "The Rich Get Richer...And Why the Poor Don't" (American Prospect, Feb. 12, 2001)
*Johnston, “Report Says the Rich are Getting Richer Faster, Much Faster” (NYT, Dec. 15, 2007)
*Bhargava and Kurlansky, “Drawing the Line on Poverty” (Wash. Post Weekly, Sept 23, 2002)
*Colin and Bernstein, “Working and Poor” (Business Week, May 31, 2004)
*"Poverty Thresholds 2006" (table)
http://www.census.gov/hhes/www/poverty/threshld/thresh06.html
*”Number in Poverty and Poverty Rate: 1959 to 2006" (chart)
http://www.census.gov/hhes/www/poverty/poverty06/pov06fig03.pdf
*”Poverty Rates by Age: 1959 to 2006" (chart)
http://www.census.gov/hhes/www/poverty/poverty06/pov06fig04.pdf
*”People and Families in Poverty by Selected Characteristics: 2005 and 2006" (table)
http://www.census.gov/hhes/www/poverty/poverty06/table3.pdf
The Concentration of Inequality and Poverty (Thursday, February 28)
*Abramson, Tobin, and VanderGoot, "The Changing Geography of Metropolitan Opportunity: The Segregation of the Poor in U.S. Metropolitan Areas, 1970 to 1990," (Housing Policy Debate, 6/1, 1995) -- skim the text, look closely at tables, and figure out the basic points
*Kingsley and Pettit, “Concentrated Poverty: A Change in Course” (Urban Institute, May 2003)
*Berube and Katz, “Katrina’s Window: Confronting Concentrated Poverty Across America” (Brookings Institution, October 2005)
*Roberts, "Gap Between Rich and Poor in New York Grows Wider" (NYT, Dec. 26, 1994)
*Reich, "Secession of the Successful" (NYT Magazine, Jan. 20, 1991)
7. The Consequences of Economic and Racial Segregation
The Social Costs of Inequality and Poverty (Tuesday, March 4)
Dreier, Mollenkopf and Swanstrom, Place Matters (Chapter 3)
o Reaching for a Healthier Life: Facts on Socioeconomic Status and Health in the
U.S. (MacArthur Foundation, 2007) – hand-out (just skim)
o Kahlenberg, One Pasadena: Tapping the Community's Resources to Strengthen the Public
Schools – hand-out
*Rothstein, “Class and the Classroom” (American School Board Journal, October 2004)
*Finder, “As Test Scores Jump, Raleigh Credits Integration by Income” (NYT, Sept. 25, 2005)
*Rosenblatt, “Minority Women in LA Found to have Higher Rates of Chronic Disease” (LAT,
May 24, 2007)
*Nazario, "Hunger, High Food Costs Found in Inner-City Area" (LAT, June 11, 1993)
*Kilman, “Food Redlining: A Hidden Cause of Hunger” (Tolerance.Org, 2005)
*Brooks-Gunn and Duncan, “The Effects of Poverty on Children” (The Future of Children,
Summer/Fall 1997)
*Lu, “Hunger a Growing Problem in Suburbs” (NYT, March 23, 2004)
*Barboza, "Rampant Obesity, a Debilitating Reality for the Urban Poor" (NYT, Dec. 26, 2000)
*El Nasser, “Suburbs Grass Isn’t Always Greener” (USA Today, October 18, 2004)
*Noble, "Study Shows a Big Asthma Risk for Children in Poor Neighborhoods" (NYT, July 27, 1999)
*Polakovic, “Latinos, Poor Live Closer to Sources of Air Pollution” (LAT, October 18, 2001)
Segregation: The Creation of the Ghetto (Thursday, March 6)
Massey and Denton, American Apartheid (Chapters 1-5)
o Ethnic Diversity Grows: Neighborhood Integration Lags Behind (report by the Mumford Center, SUNY-Albany, April 3, 2001 – hand-out
o The New Ethnic Enclaves in America’s Suburbs (report by the Mumford Center, SUNY Albany) – hand-out
*”Figure 8-1: Racial/Makeup of 100 Largest Cities and Rest of Nation, 1990 and 2000" (Katz and Lang, eds., Redefining Urban and Suburban America,, 2003) (graph)
*”Figure 2-1a: Distribution of Households Within One Hypothetical Metropolitan Area With High
Segregation and One With Low Segregation” (U.S. Census Bureau, Residential and Ethnic Residential Segregation in the United States: 1980-2000, August 2002) (graph)
*”Sortable List of Dissimilarity Scores” (for 331 metropolitan areas, 2000) (table)
*”Los Angeles City: Date for the City in 1980, 1990, and 2000" (table)
*”Los Angeles-Long Beach PMSA: Data for the Metropolitan Area” (table)
SPRING BREAK - MARCH 10-14
8. Racism
Racial Prejudice and Institutional Racism (Tuesday, March 18)
*Brownstein and Simon, "Hospitality Turns into Hostility" (LAT, Nov. 14, 1993)
*Gilens, "Race and Poverty in America" (Public Opinion Quarterly, Winter 1996)
*”Study: It Helps To Have a ‘White’ Name” (Associated Press, January 14, 2003)
*Galster and Godfrey, “By Words and Deeds: Racial Steering by Real Estate Agents in the U.S.”Journal of the American Planing Association, Summer 2005)
*Williams, “Health and the Quality of Life Among African Americans” (Daniels, ed., The State of Black America: 2004, National Urban League, 2004)
*Kristof, “Study Alleges Racial Bias in Auto Rates” (LAT, Dec. 20, 2005)
*Kelley, “Statistics Lend Support to Claims of Profiling” (LAT. Sept. 23, 2001)
*Peterson, “Racial Gap in Loans is High in State” (LAT, Sept. 29, 2005)
*Rubin and Rubinger, “Don’t Let Banks Turn Their Backs on the Poor” (NYT, Dec. 4, 2004)
Is Racial Integration Desirable or Achievable? (Thursday, March 20)
*Patterson, "The Paradox of Integration" (New Republic, November 6, 1995)
*Thernstrom and Thernstrom, "We Have Overcome" (New Republic, Oct. 13, 1997)
*Cater, “Not Just Black and White: Oak Park, Ill. Grapples With Questions of Diversity” (In These Times, March 18, 2002)
*Wilkerson, "One City's 30-Year Crusade for Integration" (NYT, Dec. 30, 1991)
*Ramos, "Latino Middle Class Growing in Suburbia" (LAT, Nov. 30, 1997)
*Scott, “Rethinking Segregation Beyond Black and White” (NYT, July 29, 2001)
*Waldinger, “From Ellis Island to LAX: Immigrant Prospects” (Int’l Migration Review, 1996)
*Two Tables: Public Opinion of Whites on School and Neighborhood Integration
9. Suburbanization and Sprawl
A Suburban Nation (Tuesday, March 25)
Sprawl Hits the Wall: Confronting the Realities of Metropolitan Los Angeles (report) – read the Executive Summary and skim the rest
http://www.usc.edu/dept/geography/SC2/sg/pdf/USCcolor.pdf
*"Flee the City" (Cartoon)
*Danielson, “Suburban Autonomy” (from The Politics of Exclusion, 1976)
*Hayden, “Planning Suburban-Style Development” (from Building Suburbia, 2003)
*Easterbrook, "The Suburban Myth: The Case for Sprawl" (New Republic, March 15, 1999)
*Kotkin, “The War Against Suburbia” (Wall Street Journal, Jan. 14, 2006)
*Kelley, "As Suburbs Change, They Still Satisfy" (LAT, Oct. 19, 1999)
*Wilson, “Developers Are Putting Southland’s Last Dairy Farmers Out to Pasture” (LAT, May 27, 2002)
*Lyman, “Living Large, by Design, in Middle of Nowhere” (NY Times, Aug. 15, 2005)
*Fulton, "Welcome to Sales Tax Canyon" (from The Reluctant Metropolis, 1997)
*Gold, “Inland Empire Pays Price for Housing Crisis” (LAT, May 20, 2002)
Regionalism and “Smart Growth” (Thursday, March 27)
Dreier, Mollenkopf, and Swanstrom, Place Matters (Chapter 6)
*Cooper, “Smart Growth” (from CQ Researcher, Urban Issues, 3rd edition, 2007)
*Sheehan, "What Will It Take to Halt Sprawl?" (WorldWatch, Jan/Feb 2002)
*Walljasper, “A Fair Share in Suburbia” (The Nation, Jan. 25, 1999)
*Smothers, "City [Memphis] Seeks to Grow By Disappearing" (NYT, Oct. 18, 1993)
*Swope, “After the Mall” (Governing, October 2002)
*Fulton and Shigley, “The Inland Empire Strikes Back” (Planning, February 2002)
*Gurwitt, "The State vs. Sprawl" (Governing, January 1999)
*"Two Views of the Commuter's Curse: Pataki (`Isn't It Obvious') and Fuchs (`The City Already Pays More than Its Fair Share')" (NYT, May 22, 1998)
*Cone, "Southland Smog Levels Are Lowest in 4 Decades" (LAT, October 21, 1995)
PART IV: WHAT CAN CITIES DO?
URBAN POLITICS AND POLICY CHOICES
10. Power in the City
Who Runs Cities? (Tuesday, April 1)
Dreier, Mollenkopf, and Swanstrom, Place Matters (Chapter 5)
*Swanstrom, “The Politics of Default” (Swanstrom, The Crisis of Growth Politics, 1985)
*Traub, “No-Fun City” (NYT Magazine, Nov. 4, 2001)
*Nichols, “Urban Archipelago” (Nation, June 20, 2005)
*Dreier and Pitcoff, "I'm a Tenant and I Vote: New Yorkers Find Victory in Rent Struggle" (Shelterforce, July/August 1997)
*Callahan, "Ballot Blocks: What Gets the Poor to the Polls? (American Prospect, July/August 1998)
Who Runs Los Angeles? (Thursday, April 3)
Film: “The New Los Angeles”
*Dreier, Freer, Gottlieb and Vallianatos, “Movement Mayor: Can Antonio Villaraigosa Change Los Angeles? (Dissent, Summer 2006)
*Frank and Wong, “Dynamic Political Mobilization: The LA County Federation of Labor”
(Working USA, December 2004)
*Newton, “Madeline Janis: Labor's Pensive Warrior’ (LAT, June 17, 2007)
*Range, “LA Confidential: How community activists are making big developers their partners in fighting poverty” (Ford Foundation Report,. Winter 2004)
*Meyerson, “No Justice, No Growth” (American Prospect, November 2006)
*Hames, “Connections Are Key to Valley Most Powerful Person: David Fleming” (San Fernando Valley Business Journal, December 10, 2007)
*Zahniser, “LA Mayor Lines Up Donors for Favorite Causes” (LAT, Dec. 18, 2007)
*Helfand and Zahniser, “Fight Over LA Agency Official Reflects Gentrification Tensions”
LAT, December 19, 2007)
*Scott, “Industrial Fight Heats Up” (LA Downtown News, January 14, 2008)
*Helfand, “Villaraigosa is Learning LA’s Nuances” (LAT, December 18, 2006)
*Walker, “Los Angeles: Questions Arise over Giving Greater Role to Neighborhood
Councils” (The Argonaut, January 10, 2008)
*Hymon, “Land Use Power Eludes Local Panels” (LAT, January 2, 2008)
*“Share the Power” (LA Daily News, January 14, 2008) - editorial
*Meyerson, “A Choice for Change: Two Starkly Different Candidates Want to Replace
Supervisor Yvonne Burke” (LAT, January 6, 2008)
*McGreevy, “Alleged Slumlords Donated to Delgadillo” (LAT, Oct. 26, 2005)
*City of Los Angeles, Budget Summary 2007-2008:
http://www.lacity.org/cao/budgetsum/BudgetSummary2007‑08.pdf
*McGreevy, “Mayor Doesn’t Rule Out New Taxes” (LAT, Jan. 5, 2006)
11. The Battle Over Jobs, Economic Development, and Sustainability
Living Wages, Big Boxes, and the Dilemma of Capital Mobility (Tuesday, April 8)
Film: “David Beats Goliath: How Inglewood Defeated Wal-Mart” (10 minutes)
Dreier, Mollenkopf and Swanstrom, Place Matters (Chapter 5)
*DeFilippis, “Understanding Capital Mobility...” (From DeFilippis, Unmasking Goliath, 2004)
*Dreier, “Builders Clucking Like Chicken Little” (LAT, July 3, 2005)
*Bluestone and Harrison, "Boomtown and Bust-town" (The Deindustrialization of America, 1982)
*Glionna, “Oakland’s In-Your-Face Ads Invade San Francisco” (LAT, July 9, 2001)
*Stewart, "Burbank May Woo Company with $250,000 Incentive" (LAT, Dec. 9, 1993)
*Curtiss and Watson, "Desperate Cities Court Developers" (LAT, Jan. 16, 1993)
*Newton and Simers, “NFL Talks at Impasse Over Use of Public Funds” (LAT, Aug. 3, 1999)
*Hansen, “Big-Box Stores” (from CQ Researcher, Urban Issues, 3rd edition, 2007)
*Sowell, “Wal-Mart Growth is an Example of Free-Market Economics” (Pasadena Star-News, Dec. 15, 2003)
*Garrison, “LA Council Votes to Restrict Superstores” (LAT, Aug. 11, 2004)
*Gertner, “What Is a Living Wage?” (NYT, Jan. 15, 2006)
*Malanga, “How the Living Wage Sneaks Socialism Into Cities” (City Journal, Winter 2003)
*Articles on current LAX living wage controversy (Follow the chronology)
On your own time, please watch the documentary film, “Who Killed the Electric Car?”available at the Reference desk in the Library under UEP 301. The film is 90 minutes long. We’ll discuss it in class on April 10
“Greening” the City (Thursday, April 10)
Film: “The Blue and Green Alliance” (8 minutes)
The Road to Shared Prosperty (LAANE, 2007) – hand-out
*Wilson, “A Trade Boom’s Unintended Costs” (LAT, April 23, 2006)
*Schoch, “Labor Lends Its Clout to Port Pollution Battle” (LA Times, January 28, 2006)
*Wilson, “Port Panels OK Plan to Cut Pollution” (LAT, Nov. 21, 2006)
*White and Wilson, “Opposition Grows to Ports’ Clean-Air Plan” (LAT, Sept 29, 2007)
*Knickerbocker, “Many ‘Green’Mayors Fall Short” (Christian Science Monitor, Nov. 8, 2007)
American Prospect (January 2005) – Special issue on “Emerald Cities: The Promise of Green
Development.” Read these articles:
o Harvey, Beinecke and Kuttner, “Green Common Ground”
o Peirce, “Sustainable Cities”
o Benjamin, “Health Communities, Healthy People”
o Brooke, “The New Environment for Housing”
o Dreier and Steckler “Not Just for the Gentry”
o Fitzgerald, “Help Wanted - Green”
o Lunney, “A Gulf of Good Intentions”
*A Green Los Angeles (Fall 2006)
http://www.libertyhill.org/common/publications/Greenla/GREENLA_to_print.pdf
*Newton, “Tall, Green, Vital: LA As Mayor Dreams It” (LAT, February 19, 2006)
*Roosevelt, “To Go Green, Live Closer to Work” (LAT, Sept 21, 2007)
*Tumlin and Millard-Ball, ”How to Make Transit-Oriented Development Work” (Planning, May 2003)
*"Who Rides the Bus?" (LAT, October 1994)
*Gross, "Getting There the Hard Way, Every Day" (LAT, July 16, 1995)
*Mason, "The Buses Don't Stop Here Anymore" (American Prospect, March/April 1998)
*Gottlieb, “Let a Thousand Habaneros Bloom” (LAT, Oct. 2, 2005)
12. The Battle Over Housing
Is Housing a Right or a Privilege? - Homelessness and Renters Rights (Tuesday, April 15)
*Salins, "Toward a Permanent Housing Problem" (The Public Interest, Fall 1986).
*Dreier and Atlas, “Housing Policy’s Moment of Truth” (American Prospect, Summer 1995)
*Leland, “Housing Costs Consumed More of Paychecks in 2006" (NYT, Sept. 12, 2007)
*”Out of Reach in 2007" (SCANPH fact sheet)
*”Changes in LA Affordable Housing Stock; 2001-2006 (SCANPH fact sheet)
*”What Do You Mean By Affordable?” (Livable Places)
*Haefele, “Crowding Antonio,” (LA City Beat, May 10, 2007)
*Homelessness in Los Angeles (Institute for the Study of Homelessness and Poverty, August 2004)
*Archibold, “Problem of Homelessness in Los Angeles and Its Environs Draws Renewed Calls for Attention” (NYT, January 15, 2006)
*Mangano and Blasi, “Stuck on Skid Row” (LAT, October 29, 2007)
*Orlov, “Protestors Erect Tent City in Front of LA City Hall” (LA Daily News, Aprl 13, 2007)
*Helfand and Winton, “Bratton Admits Skid Row Displacement” (LAT, Oct. 4, 2007)
*Zahniser and Garrison, “City Funding for Developer Angers Housing Advocates”(LAT, Sept 15, 2007)
*Loh, “Plans for Skid Row Raise Questions” (LAT, Aug. 24, 2002)
*DiMassa, “Crowded Out by Luxury Lofts, Poor Seek Relief” (LAT, Oct. 12, 2005)
*Rivera, “Downtown Isn’t Only Magnet for Homeless” (LAT, Jan. 12, 2006)
*DiMassa and Pfeifer, “2 Strategies on Policing Homeless” (LAT, Oct. 6, 2005)
*Rivera, “Outsourcing of Homeless Stirs Intercity Debate” (LAT, Nov. 27, 2004)
*Fausset, “Housing and Help - Under One Roof” (LAT, Jan. 16, 2005)
*Gail Pollard-Terry and Diane Wedner, “Rent Control: Two Sides of a Coin” (LAT, Jan.14, 2007)
*Ramos, “A Bitter Year for Victims of Collapse” (LAT, December 29, 2001)
*Fears, “Angry Tenants Protest Lack of Enforcement of Slum Laws” (LAT, March 19, 1999)
*Stewart, “Crackdown on Unsafe Housing Has Downside for Many Tenants” (LAT, Dec. 19, 2001)
*Renwick, "Fed-Up Tenants Take Over" (LAT, August 15, 1994)
*DiMassa, “1-Year Ban OK’d on Loft Conversions’ (LAT, May 11, 2006)
The Debate Over Inclusionary Zoning: Should Developers Be Required to Provide Affordable Housing? (Thursday, April 17)
*Breidenbach, “LA Story” and “What We Won” (Shelterforce, March/April 2002)
*Hale, “Activists Protest Projects’ Lack of Low-Income Units” (LAT, Feb. 18, 2001)
*Greene, “Welcome to Planning 101: The Ins and Outs of IZ” (LA Weekly, Nov. 18, 2004)
*Lopez, “No Words, No Sign of a Heart From Developer” (LAT, December 6, 2006
*Hymon, “Activists Press Council for Affordable Housing Law” (LAT, June 5, 2005)
*Dreier, “LA Voters Sent Signal on Urgency of Providing More Affordable Housing”
LA Business Journal, November 27, 2006)
*”Getting Past `No’ on Housing” (LAT, May 11, 2004 - editorial)
*”Inclusionary Zoning: It’s Just Bad Planning” (LA City Councilman Greig Smith)
*”Stop the Assault on Single-Family Neighborhoods” (Southland Regional Assn. of Realtors)
*”Myths and Facts about Inclusionary Zoning” (LA Inclusionary Zoning Coalition)
*”Help Make Los Angeles More Livable” (LA Inclusionary Zoning Coalition)
*Dellinger, “It’s Very Sad The Way I Live Now” (The Tidings, January 11, 2008)
*Dellinger, “Two Veteran Community Organizers Tackle LA’s Burgeoning Rental Housing
Crisis” (The Tidings, January 18, 2008)
13. Federal-Local Policy Dilemmas
Helping People or Places? Revitalize Downtown, Rebuild Neighborhoods, or Dismantle the Ghetto? (Tuesday, April 22)
*Teaford, "Urban Renewal and Its Aftermath" (Housing Policy Debate 11/2, 2000)
*Hines, "Housing, Baseball, and Creeping Socialism: The Battle of Chavez Ravine, Los Angeles" (Journal of Urban History, February 1982)
*Tabak, "Wild About Convention Centers" (Atlantic Monthly, April 1994)
*Davis, "Fortress LA" (from City of Quartz)
*Kotkin, “Extreme Makeover: Los Angeles Edition” (Wall Street Journal, Aug. 25, 2004)
*DiMassa, “Mega-projects could reshape L.A. growth” (LAT, December 13, 2006)
*Rivera, "Staples Center's Displaced Have New Homes and New Worries" (LAT, Oct. 9, 1999)
*Levey and Roug, “New York Developer Chosen to Make Grand Ave. Grander” (LAT, Aug. 10, 2004)
*Stewart, “Activists Seek Agreement With USC” (LAT, Oct. 8, 2003)
*Howard, "Big Retailers Bet Big on the Inner City" (LAT, April 25, 2000)
*Belluck, "Blighted Areas Are Revived as Crime Rate Falls in Cities" (NYT, May 29, 2000)
*Oppel, "Many Banks Making Money on Lending in Poor Areas" (NYT , Oct. 22, 1999)
*Martin, "A Haven for Vendors" (LAT, Nov. 22, 1999)
*Dreier and Moberg, "Moving From the 'Hood: The Mixed Success of Integrating Suburbia"
(The American Prospect, Winter 1996)
*Turner, "Moving Out of Poverty" (Housing Policy Debate, 9/2, 1998)
What If Everyone Had a Job? – Work, Wages, and Welfare (Thursday, April 24)
*Krauthammer, "Pull the Plug on Welfare to Solve Poverty" (LAT, Nov. 21, 1993)
*Walters, “The Flip Side of Welfare Reform” (Governing, March 2002)
*Wolf, “How Welfare Reform Changed America” (USA Today, July 17, 2006)
*Hymowitz,“Welfare Reform is Worth Celebrating” (Seattle Post-Intelligencer, July 16,2006)
*Scheer, “Clinton’s Blindness on Welfare Reform” (The Nation, August 20, 2006)
*Swarns, "Mothers Poised for Workfare Face Acute Lack of Day Care" (NYT, April 14,1998)
*Christopher, “Family Friendly Europe” (American Prospect, April 2002)
*Gornick and Meyers, “Support for Working Families” (American Prospect, January 2001)
*Taub, "What If Everyone Had a Job?" (Shelterforce, Sept./Oct. 1996)
*Bennet, "Mere Hint of Jobs Draws Crowd in Detroit" (NYT, Nov. 12, 1993)
*Dreier, “Growing the Minimum Wage” (TomPaine, Com, November 27, 2006)
*Thompson, "...But One Size Doesn't Fit All Workers" (LAT, Sept. 16, 1999)
Berube and Forman, Rewarding Work: The Impact of the Earned Income Tax Credit in Greater LA (Brookings Institution, June 2001) http://www.brookings.edu/es/urban/eitc/losangeles.pdf
14. The Urban Future
Can Cities Get Back on the Nation’s Agenda? (Tuesday, April 29)
Dreier, Mollenkopf, and Swanstrom, Place Matters (Chapter 8)
*Rogers, “Cities: The Vital Core” (The Nation, June 20, 2005)
*Brownstein and Rainey, “GOP Plants Flag on New Voting Frontier” (LAT, Nov. 22, 2004)
*Brooks, “Take a Ride to Exurbia” (NYT, Nov. 9, 2004)
*Barnes, “When the Playing Field is Crabgrass” (National Journal, Oct. 30, 2004)
*Bai, “Who Lost Ohio?” (NYT Magazine, November 21, 2004)
*Egan, “'06 Race Focuses on the Suburbs, Inner and Outer” (NY Times, June 16, 2006)
What Should the Next President and Congress Do To Help Cities?
Dreier, Mollenkopf, and Swanstrom, Place Matters (Chapter 7)
*Peirce, “Candidates: Start Talking to Americans Where They Live” (Houston Chronicle,
January 13, 2008)
*Dionne, “If Democrats Want to Help the Poor...” (Washington Post, May 4, 2007)
*Collins, “Ten Blockbuster Hearings” (The Nation, January 22, 2007)
*Van den Heuvel, “Top 10 for a More Perfect Union” (The Nation, January 22, 2007)